Ancient+Civilizations

Ancient Greece
 * polis- city or city-state
 * tyrant-someone who took power by force.
 * democracy-the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives
 * oligarchy-a political system governed by a few people
 * direct democracy-where all eligible members(all males) voted on everything
 * philosophy-a belief(or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
 * Socratic method-a method of teaching by question and answer

**Powerful City-States**

 * 1) -Sparta
 * 2) -Athens

**Greek Philosophers**

 * 1) -Socrates- Socrates objected to any form of government that did not conform to his ideal of a perfect republic led by philosophers
 * 2) -Plato-Plato identifies education as one of the most important aspects of a healthy state.
 * 3) -Aristotle- the best form of government for aristotle was monarchy and aristochracy because he felt that those who governed would do by heart and help others and those who choose democracy they would rule for their own benefit and needy.

=**Answer the following Questions**=


 * 1) What were the three different types of residents in a polis?
 * 2) What is the Socratic method?

Ancient Rome


 * republic-a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
 * patrician- an aristocrat or nobleman.
 * plebeian- a member of the lower social classes.
 * Senate- any of various legislative or governing bodies, in particular
 * Christianity- the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, orits beliefs and practices.
 * Catholic Church-any of several churches claiming to have maintained historical continuity with the original Christian Church

List three reasons that Christianity was able to attract so many followers.

=**Answer the following questions**=
 * 1) How did the Twelve Tables differ from the Law of Nations?
 * 2) **What were some of the** administrative **achievements of the Roman Empire?**
 * 3) What attracted people to Christianity?

Islam

=**Define the Following Terms**=


 * 1) Islam - the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealedthrough Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. The largest religion in the world.
 * 2) feudalism - the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobilityheld lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, andvassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeinsor serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give himhomage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchangefor military protection. The men who own the most land make the rules
 * 3) common law -  the part of English law that is derived from custom and judicialprecedent rather than statutes. Often contrasted with  statutory law
 * 4) Magna Carta - a charter of liberty and political rights obtained from King John of England by his rebellious barons at Runnymede in 1215, which cameto be seen as the seminal document of English constitutional practice.

=**Answer the following questions**=


 * 1) How did Islam help to unite the regions of the Middle East? religion
 * 2) What system replaced centralized power in Europe in the Middle Ages? feudalism
 * 3) What was the benefit of instituting the common law? got rid of the regionality
 * 4) What were some of the developments of the High Middle Ages?increase of population; construction of churches, cathedrals
 * 5) What was the effect of the Reformation on religious life in Europe? it splits Europe into two different religions