Industrial+Revolution

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=**The Spread of Industrialization**= By the mid 19th century, Britain became world's first richest industrial nation. The Industrial Revolution spread to the rest of Europe at different times and speeds. The first countries to be industrialized in con- tinental Europe were Belgium and France. Japan was the only Asian country to follow the Western example. In 1853, American admiral Perry demanded that Japan trade with the United States. An Industrial Revolution also occurred in the new nation of the United States. In 1800, 6 out of 7 American workers were farmers. By 1860, only 50% of American workers were farmers. Labor for the growing number of factories in the Northeast came mainly from the farm population. Many of the workers in the new factories were women. Women and girls made up the majority of the workers in large textile factories. The United States was a large country in the 1800s. The railroad was the most important part of the American transportation system. By 1860, about 30,000 miles of railroad track covered the United States.

==** #1 Have you ever been to a history museum? Have you seen any early inventions used in the textile industry, such as a flying shuttle, a spinning jenny, or a cotton gin? What were these inventions like? **==  I think its amazing how much thought went into these creations before they were actually made and perfected.

** #2 The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. List six factors that help to explain why the Industrial Revolution began there. **
1)agricultural practices(people could be fed at lower prices; now the ordinary family had money to buy manufactured goods) 2)the more food there was, the bigger the population became, the bigger the population, the more people there are to work in the factories. 3)Britain had capitol(money to invest). There were a lot of wealthy people that were curios about finding new ways to make money. These people were called entrepreneurs. 4)natural resources such as coal and iron ore were plentiful 5)There were not a lot of regulations on trade 6)Britain had a huge empire that gave the British many markets for their goods. =** #3 How did factories create a new labor system? **=

Belgium and France were the first countries to be industrialized because the increase of population, food supply
==** #5 In what ways did the Industrial Revolution change the social life of Europe? Industrial capitalism produced a new middle-class group: the industrial middle class.Work hours ranged from 12 to 16 hours a day, six days a week. In Britain, women and children made up two- thirds of the cotton industry’s workforce by 1830. Before in the cottage industry the whole family worked together in making money. Now the man of the house was expected to make most of the family's income. Socialism is a system in which a society owns and controls some means of production. This movement rose because of the pitiful conditions of the Industrial Revolution. **== = =

=** SECTION TWO **= =**REACTION AND REVOLUTION**=

==** #6 In the 1800s, liberals were people who supported ideas such as individ- ual freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and religious freedom. Do you think you would have been a liberal in the 1800s? Why or why not? **== I probably would have been a liberal because I would want the freedom that they didn't have, the freedom that they should've had. I think that I should have the right to speak my mind and have any religion that I wanted.

** #7 Compare and contrast the philosophies of conservatism and liberalism (concentrate on Government/Religion/Civil Rights). **


Conservatism


 Liberalism


**-Liberals did not believe in a democracy in which everyone had a right to vote **


** #8 What was the principle of intervention? **
According to this principle, the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones.

** #9 How did conservatives and liberals feel about nationalism in the early nineteenth century? **
Conservatives wanted to repress nationalism, but most liberal supported nationalism. Most liberals believed that freedom would only be possible if people ruled themselves.

** #10 What revolutions took place in Europe in 1848? **
the monarchy was overthrown,German unification was not achieved,the government gave Hungary its own legislature,revolt broke out in Lombardy and Venetia,Revolutionaries in Italian states also took up arms and tried to create liberal constitutions and a unified Italy

 =** SECTION THREE **= =**NATIONAL UNIFICATION AND THE NATIONAL STATE**=

==** #11 Have you ever wondered what our country would be like today if the South had won the Civil War? Have you ever thought what it would be like if each state were its own separate country with its own government and national leaders? How would this affect your life? **== ===I don't think that it would affect my life that much if each state were it's own separate country, and had it's own government because I probably wouldn't know any different. I would be use to it, but if it all changed right now and a new leader came in and changed all the rules, I wouldn't be happy at all. I think it's easier for the whole country to be led by one leader, and have the same general rules.===

It was both poorly planned, and poorly fought. Austria and Russia became enemies because Austria refused to fight with them in war. Austria no longer had friends among the great power.
= #14 How did the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars contribute to the unification of Italy? = ===Austro-Prussian War aloud the Italians to gain control of Venetia. Prussia won the war and gave Venetia to the Italians. French troops withdrew from the Rome during the Franco-Prussian war. Making it possible for the Italian army to annes Rome. Rome then became the capital of the united Italian state.=== =  =

** #15 How did Prussia achieve German unity? **
===The French were pushed into declaring war with Prussia because of a misunderstanding. Germany And France were already conflicting against each other, so Germany joined Prussia in the war against France.=== = =

** #16 What was the Compromise of 1867? **
===The compromise of 1867 was a compromise creating the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Both countries each had its own constitution, legislature, bureaucracy, and capital. Austria and Hungary shared a common army, foreign policy, and system of finances. They had a single monarch. Francis Joseph was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary.===

** #17 What was the main issue that divided Federalists and Republicans in the United States before the War of 1812? **
The Federalists favored a strong central government. The Republicans wanted the federal government to be subordinate to the state governments. =** SECTION FOUR **= =**CULTURE: ROMANTICISM AND REALISM**=

==** #18 Have you ever read the novels A Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, or Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens? Perhaps you have seen the movies or plays based on these novels. What is the main theme of these novels? **==

** #19 Summarize the main emphases and themes of romanticism and realism, and list some of the important writ- ers and artists in these two movements. **
===__Romanticism__- the romantics emphasized feelings, emotion, and imagination as ways of knowing. Romantics also valued the individualism, the belief in the uniqueness od each person. They revived medieval architecture and built castles, cathedrals, and other public buildings in a style called neo-gothic. Romantics viewed poetry as the direct expression and of the soul, which gave expression to oen of the most important characteristics of romanticism its love of nature.===

Eugene Delacroix was an important Artist.
===__Realism__- This belief was closely related ti the scientific out look. Realist rejected the romanticism. realist writers wanted to write about ordinary people from real life rather than romantic heroes in the exotic settings. they also avoided emotional language and used prdise description. realist artists tried to show everyday life of ordinary people and nature with photographic realism.===

** #20 How did many romantics view science and industrialization? **
===They believed that science ad reduced nature to a cold object of study. MAny romantics were convinced that the emerging industrialization would cause people to become alienated from their inner selves and the natural world around them.===

** #21 How did achievements in science and technology contribute to secular- ization in the nineteenth century? **
===Many people were discovering new things. just because one person thought something and it made logical sense to them doesn't mean that everyone else was going to accept their idea. now there were people believing things and other people opposing and challenging them and presenting their own ideas.===